Finding out the affect of different concentrations of sucrose solution

Finding out the affect of different concentrations of sucrose solution on the mass of potato chips Introduction The aim of this investigation is to see when osmosis occurs in potato cells and whether anything happens to them when they are put in different concentrations of sucrose solution. I have to apply my background knowledge to devise an experiment which will tell me whether if different concentrations of water molecules in a solution will affect the mass of plant cell when they are put into it. Background knowledge Osmosis is like diffusion but only of water molecules and it only happens when there are different concentrations of water molecules on either side of a selectively permeable membrane. The selectively permeable membrane "gaps" are only small enough to let water molecules pass through and not big molecules such as sucrose molecules. Water molecules from each side of the membrane always pass to the other side. When one side of the selectively permeable membrane has a higher concentration of water molecules than the other, more water molecules from the side containing a higher concentration of water molecules will pass through to the side with a lower concentration of water molecules. Less water molecules from the side with a lower water molecule concentration will pass to the other side because there are less of them. If the concentration of water molecules on either side of the selectively membrane is the same then the net flow of water in either direction will be the same. This results in no net flow of water-osmosis. An example of osmosis happening in a plant cell is when a potato chip is put into distilled water. The cell membrane of the potato cells is the selectively permeable membrane between the concentration of water molecules inside the potato cells and the distilled water that is outside of the potato cells. As the concentration of water molecules is of a higher concentration in the distilled water than inside the potato, there are more water molecules going through the potato membrane into the cell than water molecules from the inside of the potato going through to the other side. This is because there are more water molecules in the distilled water. Therefore the net flow of water by osmosis is into the potato cells. As more water molecules pass into the potato cells, the va... ...Maybe next time I could roll each potato chip down the paper towel once and blot the ends of them two times on the paper towel. To prove that my prediction is correct in any osmosis experiment, I could do another experiment, which shows osmosis happening and why it happens-different concentrations between a selectively permeable membrane. The experiment is shown below: Apparatus * 20cm in length visking tubing. * 20cm3 water * 10cm3 plastic syringe * testing tube Method Tie a knot at the end of 20cm length visking tube that has been soaked in water. Put 3cm3 of strong sugar solution in the plastic syringe and use that to partly fill the visking tube-it should be floppy. Place the visking tubing into a test tube containing water 20cm3 . Leave the visking tubing in the test tube for about 30-45 minutes. You should record your observations of the visking tubing before it was put into the test tube of water and after it had been left in the water. Look for any changes in how it looks and feels. Is it turgid or flaccid? References Collins GCSE total revision Science by Mike Smith and Chris Sunley GCSE Biology second edition by D.G. Mackean

Lex Cost of Capital

Lex Service PLC— Cost of Capital In 1928 Lex Garages Limited, at the time of public incorporation, had single garage in London. After 60 years, Lex Service PLC became a leading company in automotive distribution and leasing in the United Kingdom. In late 1950, Lex obtained from Volvo Car Corporation the exclusive franchise to import and distribute Volvo cars in the United Kingdom that ended in1992 four years before the scheduled termination date. This news dropped the share price of Lexto 30%.In 1970s, Lex started to expand its business into other services like transportation andleasing and for temporarily in hotel management business. By the end of 1983, Lex was structured around two principal groups ¶ i-e Lex Automotive and Lex Electronics Worldwide. From 1991 to 1993, Lex sold its major electronic business to Arrow Electronics, Inc. With theseries of acquisitions by Lex, finally it entered in the profitable business by acquiring acontrolling interest in the U.K importersh ip, Hyundai Car (U. K) in September 1993. Thisacquisition gave Lex management control of a three year rolling contract that Hyundai Car heldwith Hyundai Motor Company of Korea. In this case study, board meeting was scheduled in 1993 to review its cost of capital proceduresand to determine whether Lex Service PLC should use different hurdle rates for differentdivisions or should use cost of capital for the whole company.Lex Service PLC was concerned about its cost of capital in 1993 because from 1991 to 1993 Lexhad gone through many acquisitions and sales of assets that changed its capital structure in ahuge way. That change of capital structure included the sale of whole electronic division toArrow Electronice, Inc and acquisition of Hyundai Car (U. K). Moreover, they had cash toreinvest so Lex wanted to properly estimate its Cost of equity. Once new cost of capital is computed that will enable the firm to estimate its required rate of return on its investments.Ingeneral companies m ake use of CoC through discounted cash flow or share pricing method. To calculate cost of capital (equity), risk free rate and value of risk premium, calculations are asfollows:If Lex had no debt in its capital structure then the relationship between its levered equity betaand asset beta can be like: ? (asset) = E/V * ? (equity) And it also implies that interest and principal payments on the debt are fairly safe that makes the beta of debt to zero. If there is no debt then cost of capital will become the cost of equity.Moreover if Lex adds moderate amount of debt in its capital structure that means equity will become more risky and cost of equity will increase and so will the cost of capital. In order to fully evaluate future investment opportunities, Lex should single discount rate if the project is enough to represent the whole firm e-g in acquiring the very similar company. But Lexshould use multiple discount rates in evaluating the projects that replicates one of its divisions e -g investment in the automotive division should use the cost of capital of automotive division andsame goes for other divisions

The Gorill Natural Selection And Sexual Selection

Darwin’s theory is in regards to natural selection and sexual selection. The gorilla is an animal that uses the two selections to determine their protection, feeding, and reproduction. First Charles Darwin described the characteristics and structures that a animal like a gorilla is born with. He states that these characters and structures will have slow changes that will be different than when they were born. Then he believes that they will have characters and structures that are trifling important. This means that although the structures and characters may look like they aren’t important, these structures and characters actually have a significant factor regarding their protection. The gorilla possess significant structures and characters that are prime for their survival. Thirdly, Darwin believes that in natural selection animals like gorillas have structures and characters that are beneficial between the young and the old. These structures and characters are what pro tects gorillas. They are also used to feed gorillas like the breast on a female gorilla, or the silver hair on the back of a male gorilla. Lastly, Darwin explains the greatness of sexual selection involving gorillas. He also believe that they use determining factors on what male gorilla the female gorilla chooses to reproduce with. After analyzing the quotes from Darwin’s â€Å"The Survival of the Fittest†, I will explain the quotes to some degree and use examples that the gorillas possess that are

Apple s Vision Apple Inc. - 935 Words

Introduction Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. It was established on Apr 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer. Its online services include iCloud, iTunes Store, and App Store. Apple s consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems. Its products are sold in more than 120 countries in which India, China, US and European countries like Germany, Italy, France, Spain etc are major user of Apple’s†¦show more content†¦Business Strategy Company’s has always been a goal of providing the best user experience through technological advancement and innovation in various product segment like computer, OS, iPad, iPhone, Music store etc. As a part of strategy, company is providing a single platform - itunes stores to provide third party’s digital content and application. Through iTune store, customer can easily download music, apps or books directly on their Mac Book or iPhone. Company also support a community to develop third party software, hardware and digital contents that are offered in the complement of Apple’s products and services. Company’s strategy involves expansion of retail and online stores and third party distribution network to reach more customers. Apple is highly committed to research and development and it is always being a part of its business strategy. Form 10-k Key points of Corporate Governance Apple is committed to do business ethically, honestly and in full compliance with laws and regulation. While dealing with third party for business Apple has always put zero tolerance approach against corruption. It encourages a creative, culturally diverse and supportive work environment for its employees. It doesn’t tolerate any harassment or discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, religion, color, marital status, identity characteristics or expression. Apple gives the highest value of any invention of

William Shakespeare s The Duchess Of Malfi - 1005 Words

At the beginning of the The Duchess of Malfi, Antonio presents a terrible prophecy to his friend Delio, telling him that â€Å"a prince’s court/Is like a common fountain whence should flow/Pure silver drops in general; but if’t chance/Some cursed example poison’t near the head,/Death and disease through the whole land spread† (Webster 1.1.11-15). Death certainly spreads throughout the play, with the majority of the characters dying by the time curtain drops, but what â€Å"poison† engenders this doom? Initially, the audience might view the Duchess’ deception as the poison in the plot. After all, her secret marriage is the catalyst for her brother’s murderous actions. However, in reality, the poison that flows through the fountain is Ferdinand and†¦show more content†¦When Bosola entreats Ferdinand to cease his torturing of the Duchess, Ferdinand rejects the idea, exclaiming â€Å"damn her! That body of hers† (Webster 4. 1.118). His outburst demonstrates how he equates the Duchess herself with her physical material, her body. Furthermore, it delineates how specifically the Duchess’s body is the object of his anger and obsession. Ferdinand often directs his anger at just the Duchess body rather than her whole being. After receiving news of her pregnancy, he says that â€Å"she’s loose i’th’hilts† (Webster 2.5.3). The phallic metaphor in this exclamation, with a sword operating as a phallic symbol and the hilt (which the sword goes into) functioning as a symbol for female genitalia, demonstrates how Ferdinand’s intense fascination with his sister’s body is intrinsically sexual. He goes on to say â€Å"would I could be one,/That I might toss here palace ‘bout her ears/Root up her goodly forests, blast her meads,/And lay her general territory as waste† (Webster 2.5.17-20). This statement contains language that is both intensely violent and se xual in nature. Moreover, by equating his sister’s body with pieces of land, Ferdinand demonstrates how he views her body as something to possess, just as he possesses land. As he drives himself into more and more of a rage, Ferdinand’s rant about his sister becomes increasingly sexual. He tells his brotherShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Duchess Of Malfi1642 Words   |  7 Pages John Webster’s play The Duchess of Malfi is a Renaissance tragedy. Threats lurk the widowed Duchess and her forbidden husband Antonio. The Duchess’s power greedy brothers, Ferdinand and The Cardinal forbid her sister to remarry. The play is an unconventional Renaissance tragedy as the protagonist focuses on a female character rather than a male. (Pacheco, 2012, p69) This essay focuses on Webster’s use of distinctive features of language. This passage is important because it displays the violentRead MoreThe Duchess Of Malfi And William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1035 Words   |  5 PagesWebster’s The Duchess of Malfi and William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream women react to authority in significantly different ways. The authors focus both on women showing acceptance to power and women who shy away from it. In the plays, the Duchess and Hermia defy the abuse of power, while Helena and Cariola submit to it. In John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi, Webster uses the Duchess to signify courage and Cariola to signify faintheartedness throughout the play. The Duchess has recentlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And The Duchess Of Malfi 2029 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare and Webster represent the female characters in ‘Hamlet’ and ‘The duchess of Malfi’ by using general themes such as the patriarchy and the social control, the female identity and its independence, this institution of marriage, the expressions of sexuality and finally women shown to be either conformist or transgressive. Men were firmly in control in the Elizabethan and Jacobean era, and the expectations for women were to stay home, cook, clean and raise a family. Women’s status and rolesRead MoreComparing Hamlet And The Duchess Of Malfi2373 Words   |  10 PagesCompare the de pictions of Madness in Hamlet and The Duchess of Malfi. What is the significance of madness in each play? During the late sixteenth century, dramas an plays became a big role in entertainment and madness became one of the major themes, as Salkeld recognises that the use of madness as a metaphor for subversion became increasingly marked throughout the first half of the seventeenth century . (Salkeld, 1994, pg.144)This madness created a spark within the Elizabethan era and caused

Single Parents Raise Successful Children Free Essays

Webb 1 Debra Webb Composition II Brian Wilson 26 March, 2013 Annotated Bibliography Acock, Alan C, and David H. Demo. Family Diversity and Well Being. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Parents Raise Successful Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 1994. Print. These two authors of this book conduct interviews with different types of family diversities. It shares the proper development of children with two parents that cooperate with each other for their child’s fullest development. This book will be used to show childrearing patterns, problems and solutions for parents. Blackstone-Ford, Jann A, and Sharyl Jupe. Good Behavior after a Divorce or Separation. Chicago: Chicago Review Group, 2004. Print. Jann Blackstone-Ford and Sharyl Jupe discuss divorced parents with joint custody, stepfamilies, and interpersonal conflicts. This information will be used to show that children’s emotional health depends on their parents’ relationships. Webb 2 Lamb, Micael E. Nontraditional Families. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers and Associates, 1982. Print. Michael Lamb explains the conflicts between work and family roles that are unsatisfactory. It offers parents the means to maintain and improve the quality of their lives and their children’s. I will use it to prove that families must realize this is a responsibility that they share jointly. Nazario, Thomas, A. In Defense of Children. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons and Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988. Print. This book represents the efforts of a lawyer, a social worker, pediatrician, and a teacher in the attempt to provide parents and professionals with what’s needed for rearing children properly as a traditional family. It will show what protections children need and what responsibilities are expected of the parents. Pollock, Linda. â€Å"A Lasting Relationship. † Parents and Children over Three Centuries. Hanover, New England: University Press of New England, 1987. 174-182. Print. Linda Pollock speaks of how parents neglect their duties in bringing up their children. Parents often neglect their children by being alcoholics, drug addicts, or workaholics. This will be a good piece to prove the most likely outcome of children who are left alone daily without supervision. How to cite Single Parents Raise Successful Children, Papers

these items act as barriers to intercultural communication

1. How do these items act as barriers to intercultural communication? Answer: The communication barriers Linguistic, Cultural and Emotional act as barriers for Intercultural Communication as the properties that defines these three gets changed or act differently when the culture of the speaker or listener is different. His occur when a person comes in contact with another who has completely different culture. When two people from different countries come in contact with each other, the cultural difference occurs and the Linguistic becomes the major barrier in communication between them. The emotional and the cultural factor also tend to act as barrier for communication in the situation (Jandt, 2012). 2. Have you personally experienced such barriers? Answer: Yes, I have personally experienced these barriers. There was a situation when I went to a different country. I felt a lot of difference in the culture which was practiced there. This led to the problem of communicating with them. The language which they spoke was different from mine. This was the biggest problem when I tried to communicate with them. Also, they were far too less emotional in nature which took my other choice of communicating with them. This was all because of the difference in culture between both of us. 3. Do you perhaps erect such barriers yourself? Answer: Knowingly, I do not tend to erect such barriers myself but unknowingly it may happen that I have become the reason for the creation of these communication barriers. There was an instance where I became too much emotional in nature and it led to the creation of bad environment. This also led to the creation of differences in the communication situation and led to be acting as the intercultural communication barrier. However, in case of the situations like this, I have always tried to bridge the gaps so that no communication barriers occur.